How To Run Mysql In Docker With Data Persistence

A while ago, I wrote an article about using Docker to run the mysql container for mysql support in local development (or maybe production). The downside of that approach was that all related data was deleted if you deleted the container. Generally, for local development, it is not a major problem as there is no production data, but it is a hassle to set up DB again.

To resolve this, we must bind a volume (directory) from our system to a directory in the docker container. You can read more about volumes here.

To achieve this we need to create 2 files.

• DockerFile
• docker-compose.yml

Create DockerFile

Create a new file with the name DockerFile. Add the following lines of code to the file.

# Use the official MySQL image as the base image
FROM mysql:latest
LABEL authors="msamgan" # update with your name.

# Set the default environment variables (customize as needed)
ENV MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root
ENV MYSQL_DATABASE=my_database
ENV MYSQL_USER=user
ENV MYSQL_PASSWORD=password

# Expose the default MySQL port
EXPOSE 3306

Create docker-compose.yml

Create a new file with the name docker-compose.yml and add the following content to the file.

services: # Define services
  mysql: # Define MySQL service
    build: . # Build MySQL image from Dockerfile in the same directory
    container_name: mysql_service # Name the container
    environment: # Set environment variables
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root # Set MySQL root password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: my_database # Create a database named my_database
      MYSQL_USER: user # Create a user named user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: password # Set user password
    ports: # Expose MySQL port
      - "3306:3306" # Map container port 3306 to host port 3306
    volumes: # Attach volumes
      - ./mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql  # Attach volume to persist MySQL data in the same directory

Now, all you have to do is run

docker compose up -d

and you are good to go. All the mysql data and databases can be found in the mysql_data directory, and you will not lose it even if you delete the container.